From February to September 2009, PHIs in Tokyo Metropolitan and 4 prefectures (Yamagata, Osaka, Fukuoka and Okinawa) reported 8 measles virus isolation/detection. Genotype D5 viruses were detected from 3 cases in Okinawa, 2 cases in February and a case in April. In March, a genotype D9 virus was isolated in Yamagata from a case who developed measles 15 days after returning from Thailand (JJID 62: 481-482, 2009). In September, a genotype D8 virus was isolated for the first time in Japan from a domestic measles case in Okinawa. In addition, genotype A (vaccine type) viruses were detected from 2 cases in April, one from a chickenpox case in Tokyo and another from a herpangina case in Osaka (either history of vaccination is unknown), and from a exanthem subitum case in June in Fukuoka from the specimen taken 11 days after vaccination.

From January to December 2008, PHIs in Tokyo Metropolitan and 22 prefectures (Hokkaido, Akita, Gunma, Saitama, Chiba, Kanagawa, Ishikawa, Yamanashi, Shizuoka, Aichi, Mie, Kyoto, Osaka, Hyogo, Wakayama, Shimane, Okayama, Fukuoka, Saga, Kumamoto, Miyazaki and Okinawa) reported 266 measles virus isolation/detection. Genotype D5 was predominant: 185 of 199 viruses genotyped were identified as genotype D5, 5 genotype H1 (from domestic cases), one genotype D4 (from a case who developed measles 3 days after returning from Israel in May) and 8 genotype A (from vaccinees within three weeks after vaccination).

From February to December 2007, PHIs in Tokyo Metropolitan and 29 prefectures (Hokkaido, Miyagi, Akita, Yamagata, Fukushima, Ibaraki, Gunma, Saitama, Chiba, Kanagawa, Niigata, Ishikawa, Fukui, Yamanashi, Gifu, Aichi, Mie, Osaka, Hyogo, Wakayama, Shimane, Okayama, Hiroshima, Fukuoka, Saga, Kumamoto, Oita, Miyazaki and Okinawa) reported 482 measles virus isolation/detection. Of 357 viruses genotyped, 342 were identified as genotype D5, 14 genotype A (from vaccinees within three weeks after vaccination), and one genotype H1.

In 2006, genotype D5 was detected during April-May in Ibaraki Prefecture, May-July in Chiba Prefecture and September-December in Okinawa prefecture, and in 2007, genotype D5 was detected in 27 prefectures with a peak in May.

Genotype H1 was detected from 3 cases (including a case who developed measles on the day before returning from China) in May 2006, and from a case who developed measles 5 days after returning from China in May 2007.